- Allows U.S. shipments of civilian nuclear fuel and know-how to India, providing an exemption to American law that bans nuclear trade with countries such as India that have not submitted to full international inspections
- Requires Indian safeguards and inspections at 14 civilian nuclear plants. Eight military plants would be off-limits.
- The United States and India must obtain an exception for India in the rules of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, an assembly of nations that export nuclear material.
- Indian officials must also negotiate a safeguard agreement with the U.N. nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency.
1. Nuclear energy is a great way to satisfy India's energy needs
There are far better ways to improve India's energy sectors. These could include making India's existing electricity grid more efficient, restructuring the country's coal industry, and expanding the use of renewable energy sources. This point was made by Henry Sokolski, executive director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center in congressional testimony.
According to Dr Arjun Makhijani, president of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research and one of the leading technical nuclear experts in the United States, nuclear energy will by 2020 fill maybe about 12 percent of India's energy needs. This is fairly trivial in comparison to the energy needs that could be satisfied in other ways that are more beneficial to India. The Indian government had previously joined the process of creating a "peace pipeline" to bring natural gas from Iran through Pakistan to India as well as creating energy deals with Western China. In addition to satisfying India's energy needs much better than nuclear energy, it would have had an immeasurable side-effect -- peace and stability in a region that is certainly one of the most dangerous on the planet. However, under pressure from the US and the lure that the US could satisfy India's energy needs through nuclear power resulted in Manmohan Singh making a concession to the US. What Manmohan Singh did is remarkably significant -- he removed then Indian Petroleum Minister Mani Shankar Aiyar (who supported the peace pipeline) from his post prior to Bush's India visit.
2. This is a partnership between 2 beacons of democracy and will help fight terrorism and extremism.
Conventional wisdom dictates that India and US are strong democracies and that this pact will strengthen the relationship between the two countries. Additionally, a common justification is that India and United States are natural allies that value diversity and oppose extremism.
However, reality is quite different. The extremism in India has been quite blatant since the rise of the proto-fascist BJP which was responsible for severely destabilizing the country during its long and torturous rein. And the less that is said about the finance and corporate driven, lobbyist corrupted, public relations campaigns also known as "elections" in the US, the better. The extremism in US foreign policy is much maligned throughout the globe.
The truth of the matter is that the US is less concerned about India's energy needs (which it knows nuclear energy will not satisfy) than it is about its geo-political dominance in the region. The US needs India to maintain its global hegemony and as a counterweight against Iran and China.
The US needs a local policeman in the region to safeguard its interests there. Any talk about India being a counterweight to terrorism and extremism is extremely cynical and self-serving. As a nice side-benefit, all the military co-operation between the 2 countries will result in billions of dollars of revenue for the US military-industrial complex (after all, the US needs to dispose its munitions, what better way to do this than to relax restrictions on arms trade between India and the US backed by an "agreement"). The United States would at this point supplant Russia and China as the leading arms supplier to India. This will almost certainly be followed by a relaxation of rules on foreign investment in India will in all likelihood completely devastate a majority of the population that is already greatly impoverished.
Regional arms race implications
Already, China feels threatened by Washington’s ballistic missile defense program and by growing Indo-U.S. military collaboration. If present trends continue (taking into account Japan), Asia could witness two new arms races -- one between Japan and China, and the other between China and India. (see Nuclear Clouds Gather Over Asia)
Bleak Future
Instead of relying on nuclear energy and cozying up with the United States, India should have instead seeked to foster relationships with its Asian and Middle Eastern neighbors and promote peace, stability as well as continue developing strong economic ties with them. This would have benefited the entire region and would have no doubt gone a long way in satisfying India's energy needs. India's current strategy is unfortunately to strengthen relationships with the US which will inevitably have a disastrous impact on non-proliferation, impede indigenous development, create distrust with its neighbors and overall make the world a very dangerous place. India, the founder of the non-aligned movement is rushing headlong into a compromising alliance with the the United States which has a proven track record as brutal superpower.
Expect to see an endless, meaningless debate regarding the technical details of the various points in the agreement without a rational understanding of its implications on India's energy needs, self-reliance, non-alignment and and global stability. 2006 ends on a bleak note.
